In 2013, a randomized controlled trial has shed light on the effectiveness of different exercise regimens for individuals suffering from chronic low back pain. Conducted by James Steele and colleagues, the study compared the impacts of full range of motion (ROM) versus limited ROM isolated lumbar extension exercises on key outcomes such as lumbar extension strength, perceived pain, and disability.

Chronic low back pain is frequently associated with reduced range of motion and weakened lumbar extensors. While exercises targeting a limited ROM are commonly recommended, their effectiveness had not been rigorously tested until now.

The trial initially enrolled 38 participants, including both men and women, who suffered from nonspecific chronic low back pain. These participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a full ROM exercise group (FullROM), a limited ROM exercise group (LimROM), or a control group. Ultimately, 24 participants (14 men and 10 women) completed the 12-week study.

Both exercise groups engaged in weekly isolated lumbar extension resistance training. The FullROM group exercised through their entire ROM, while the LimROM group focused on the middle 50% of their ROM. Each group performed one set of exercises at 80% of their maximal functional torque until failure.

The study found that both the FullROM and LimROM groups experienced significant improvements in full ROM lumbar extension strength, as well as reductions in perceived pain and disability, compared to the control group. However, neither group showed changes in overall lumbar or standing ROM, as measured by the Schober’s test.

Interestingly, the improvements in pain perception and disability levels were clinically significant in both exercise groups. Participants in the FullROM group reported an average pain reduction of 30.3 mm on a visual analogue scale and a decrease of 18.2 points on the Revised Oswestry Disability Index. Similarly, the LimROM group reported a 16.29 mm reduction in pain and a 12-point decrease in disability.

This study concludes that both full and limited ROM exercises are equally effective in enhancing lumbar extension strength and in providing meaningful relief from pain and disability in individuals with chronic low back pain. This finding supports the inclusion of both exercise modalities in treatment plans, offering flexibility in managing the condition based on patient needs and capabilities.

The research highlights the potential of targeted exercise interventions in improving the quality of life for those living with chronic low back pain, suggesting a promising avenue for non-invasive management strategies.

Reference: Steele, J., Bruce-Low, S., Smith, D., Jessop, D., & Osborne, N. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of limited range of motion lumbar extension exercise in chronic low back pain.