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Extremity Pain of Spinal Origin: Understanding Diagnosis and Treatment

In order to distinguish between an extremity source and a spinal source of symptoms, clinicians analyze the patient’s medical history and physical exam. When spinal pain is misdiagnosed as an issue with an extremity, it can lead to a series of bad decisions and ineffective treatment (Gunn C and Milbrandt WE 1976, Hashimoto S et al. 2019, Pheasant S 2016, Walker T et al. 2018). … Continue reading Extremity Pain of Spinal Origin: Understanding Diagnosis and Treatment

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Diagnostic Skills

Pre-test Probability

Pre-test Probability: It is defined as the probability of a patient having the suspected disease before application of a diagnostic test. Determining the pre-test probability is the first step in making a clinical diagnosis.   Pre-test Odds: It is defined as the odds that a patient has the suspected disease before application of a diagnostic test. References: Šimundić, A.M., 2009. Measures of diagnostic accuracy: basic definitions. EJIFCC, … Continue reading Pre-test Probability

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