Disc displacements, often linked to back pain, can manifest as diffuse bulges or more localized herniations. Herniations are categorized into protrusions, which remain within the outer annular fibers, and extrusions, which break through the annulus fibrosus. Typically, extrusions are larger than protrusions (Fries et al., 1982). A study by Jensen et al. (1994) involving 98 asymptomatic volunteers and 27 back pain patients found that disc … Continue reading Decoding Disc Displacements: Key Insights from Research on Diagnosis and Symptom Severity