Comprehensive Overview of Herniated Disc Localization, Morphology, and Migration patterns

A. Disc Morphology and Terminology  Understanding Normal Discs, Bulging Discs, and Herniated Discs Understanding the differences between bulging, protruded, and extruded discs is crucial. In 2014, Fardon et al. published recommendations to harmonize lumbar disc nomenclature, helping to standardize these definitions (Fardon DF, et al. 2014). 1. Normal Disc -Defined as morphologically normal without considering the clinical context. 2. Bulging Disc 2a- Symmetric Bulging Disc: … Continue reading Comprehensive Overview of Herniated Disc Localization, Morphology, and Migration patterns

Milgram’s Test

Purpose of Milgram’s Test: To determine if there is a pathology in the intra/extra thecal area of the spine. The intrathecal pathology may include a spinal tumour and extrathecal pathology may include a herniated disc or a space-occupying lesion. Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed. Procedure: Ask the patient to raise both legs up to 4 – 6 inches off the bed (20 degrees) and hold them … Continue reading Milgram’s Test