Category: Clinical Tests

Clinical Tests | A list of clinical tests that detects/confirms a physical or mental feature which is regarded as an indication of a disease.

Clinical Tests

Brudziński’s Obscure Cheek Sign

Purpose of Brudziński’s obscure cheek sign: To determine if the patient has inflammation of the meninges (meningitis) (1). Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed, facing the patient. Procedure: With the patient lying supine, apply pressure on both cheeks of the patient, inferior to the zygomatic arch. Outcome: Brudziński’s sign is a sign of meningeal irritation. If meningeal irritation is present, this … Continue reading Brudziński’s Obscure Cheek Sign

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Clinical Tests

Brudziński’s Reciprocal Contralateral Reflex Sign

Purpose of Brudziński’s Reciprocal Contralateral Reflex Sign: To determine if the patient has inflammation of the meninges (meningitis) (1). Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed, facing the patient. Procedure: First, place one of the patient’s legs (hip and knee joints) in flexion. A leg first placed in flexion causes a reflex, involuntary movement of extension after the passive flexion of the … Continue reading Brudziński’s Reciprocal Contralateral Reflex Sign

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Clinical Tests

Brudziński’s contralateral reflex sign

Purpose of Brudziński’s contralateral reflex sign: To determine if the patient has inflammation of the meninges (meningitis) (1). Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed, facing the patient. Procedure: While having the patient lying supine on the bed with both legs extended, flex one of the patient’s legs (hip and knee joints) and bring the knee towards the chest. Outcome: Brudziński’s sign … Continue reading Brudziński’s contralateral reflex sign

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Clinical Tests

Brudziński’s neck sign

Purpose of Brudziński’s neck sign: To determine if the patient has inflammation of the meninges (meningitis) (1). Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed, facing the patient. Procedure: With the patient lying supine, place your hands behind the patient’s head and flex the head towards the chest. Outcome:  This is a sign of meningeal irritation. If meningeal irritation is present, this manoeuvre … Continue reading Brudziński’s neck sign

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Back, Clinical Tests, Lower Back Pain, Lumbar, Sacral

Milgram’s Test

Purpose of Milgram’s Test: To determine if there is a pathology in the intra/extra thecal area of the spine. The intrathecal pathology may include a spinal tumour and extrathecal pathology may include a herniated disc or a space-occupying lesion. Patient position: Lying supine. Examiner position: Standing beside the bed. Procedure: Ask the patient to raise both legs up to 4 – 6 inches off the bed (20 degrees) and hold them … Continue reading Milgram’s Test

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