Non-Responsive Cases in Physical Therapy: Two Referral Scenarios Highlighting the Need for Further Investigation

Introduction Screening for red flag conditions during  physical therapy assessment is not limited to identifying high-risk cases such as cancer, infection, and others. While physical therapy is often effective in managing various musculoskeletal conditions, there are instances where patients do not respond as expected to treatment. In such cases, referral becomes necessary to explore underlying issues and consider alternative interventions. This article presents two cases … Continue reading Non-Responsive Cases in Physical Therapy: Two Referral Scenarios Highlighting the Need for Further Investigation

How to Pinpoint Hip Joint Pain: Unlocking the Secrets of Diagnosis

Hip pain can have multiple causes, including non musculoskeletal, lumbosacral spine, intra-articular, and extra-articular. A consensus declaration has defined an evaluation algorithm for distinguishing the musculoskeletal causes of regional hip pain (Takla A et al. 2020). Lumbosacral and extra-articular diseases frequently coexist with intra-articular hip causes of pain (Takla A et al. 2020). As a result, a grasp of the complicated connections of the spine, … Continue reading How to Pinpoint Hip Joint Pain: Unlocking the Secrets of Diagnosis

Unveiling Rarity: Horner Syndrome Caused by Cervical Disc Herniation

Johann Friedrich Horner originally described the Horner syndrome (HS) in humans in 1869 (van der Wiel HL. 2002). HS is caused by a disruption in the oculosympathetic circuit between the hypothalamus and the orbit (Amonoo-Kuofi HS, 1999). The characteristic trio of ipsilateral eyelid ptosis, miosis, and face anhidrosis is what distinguishes HS. There are numerous causes of HS, but herniated cervical disc (HCD) is a … Continue reading Unveiling Rarity: Horner Syndrome Caused by Cervical Disc Herniation

Unraveling the Enigma: Rare Brown-Sequard Syndrome Arising from Cervical Disc Herniation

Brown-Sequard Syndrome, as delineated in 1849 by Brown-Se´quard CE, emanates from trauma inflicted upon the anatomical hemicord. This trauma precipitates disruption of the descending lateral corticospinal tracts, the ascending dorsal columns (both of which decussate in the medulla), and the ascending lateral spinothalamic tracts, which intersect within one or two levels of the dorsal root entry. While total hemisection, evoking the hallmark clinical features of … Continue reading Unraveling the Enigma: Rare Brown-Sequard Syndrome Arising from Cervical Disc Herniation

In-field note: a patient appeared with an extraspinal source of referred leg discomfort

Introduction Low back pain is not a disease, it is a symptom. It can be defined as pain between the bottom ribs and the buttock creases(Dionne et al., 2008). Chronic low back pain patients are always asking about the cause of their pain(McPhillips-Tangum et al., 1998; Cherkin et al., 1998). A lot of people can experience it during their life. For instance, 6.3%–14.4% of people … Continue reading In-field note: a patient appeared with an extraspinal source of referred leg discomfort